On Distance Learning Essay

Distance education represents a way of teaching with geographically dispersed individuals and groups. Moore related that as early as 1978, regular mail service was used to aid distance education, but the advent of the internet brought new and exceptional dimensions to the world of distance education (10). It offered access to geographically and physically separated individuals to courses and instruction in a more interactive manner through increased education, interactivity among participants, and incorporation of collaborative pedagogical models. But even with the increasing number of courses and degrees delivered entirely online, and the number of supporters this type of education has gained, many still express opposition to it as against the traditional classroom education. Former college teacher James Barszcz’s is one well-known critic of distance education. He strongly asserts in his essay that distance learning cannot fulfill the true purpose of education. The diffusion of the Internet worldwide has literally changed the traditional structure of the school, and, as it can be noticed from the previous examples, it is doing in many different ways that are more and more interesting. It must not be forgotten, of course, that parents keep on worrying about the fact their children’s opinions are circulating all over the world and that this could mean danger and repression for them. These anxieties, however, cannot erase the advantages coming from the introduction of this new technology into the educational are, most importantly, of bringing education to everyone. But what is the true purpose of education, really? In its most basic sense, I strongly believe that the essence of education is to instill in an individual the capability to make out at the world for oneself, to generate one’s own choices, to declare what is black or what is white. In whatever manner this education may come from, it is still learning and discovering about new things that help shape a person into what he is. Distance learning has brought a remarkable means of delivering this education to students in rural or remote areas, so that they make take advantage of continuing learning and give them the ability to schedule learning at times convenient to them. Not only that, a great number of distance education programs cater to the requirements of a lot of diverse people of all ages, sexes, occupations, learning backgrounds and health conditions. Granted that personal contact which is very important in effective education is missing with this kind of education, but as is the situation with all new technologies, there are negative and positive aspects to distance learning. Many instructors, as well as students of distance education miss this. Distance learning can admittedly be lonely sometimes. There is always a price to pay, whether it be big or small. Although this is the case, steps could be done to assuage this drawback. Encouraging students to share something about themselves is one activity that can at least give all participants the feeling that they know something about their colleague and the professor. Additionally, many courses are well supported and, for students who are unable to attend residential events, there are usually opportunities for students to participate in online discussion groups, clubs and societies. It would be noteworthy to point out that for distance learning to be effective, a conducive learning environment needs to be created and maintained. Considerable thought and effort should go into the criteria required for setting-up learning centers and how these criteria would be put into practice and monitored. If this would be followed, distance education, with an extensive record of providing learning to out-of-the-way and distant learners, will become the effective, mainstream method of education and training that advocates claim it to be. In a world where continuous learning is a must, distance education has paved the way for everyone to have access to the educational system without having to physically go to school. Discipline is needed, of course, but it is one value that even traditional schooling teaches students to have. In the end, distance education can only provide a win-win situation for everyone involved in it.

The ‘Lotus’ (‘Nelumbo Nucifera’)

The ‘Lotus' is scientifically known as ‘Nelumbo Nucifera'. It is the national flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.Lotus flower is found only in two colours that are pink and white. The flower grows in murky waters and rises on a long stalk above the surface to bloom glorious. It is a beautiful flower which symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth, knowledge and not to forget enlightenment. Untouched by the impurity, lotus symbolises the purity of heart and mind. According to Hindu mythology Lotus is made as a seat of the Goddess of wealth – Lakshmi.The ‘Lotus' is scientifically known as ‘Nelumbo Nucifera'. It is the national flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial. Lotus flower is found only in two colours that are pink and white. The flower grows in murky waters and rises on a long stalk above the surface to bloom glorious. It is a beautiful flower which symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth, knowledge and not to forget enlightenment. Untouched by the impurity, lotus symbolises the purity of heart and mind. According to Hindu mythology Lotus is made as a seat of the Goddess of wealth – Lakshmi.The ‘Lotus' is scientifically known as ‘Nelumbo Nucifera'. It is the national flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.Lotus flower is found only in two colours that are pink and white. The flower grows in murky waters and rises on a long stalk above the surface to bloom glorious. It is a beautiful flower which symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth, knowledge and not to forget enlightenment . Untouched by the impurity, lotus symbolises the purity of heart and mind. According to Hindu mythology Lotus is made as a seat of the Goddess of wealth – Lakshmi.

Why Women Are Paid Less Than Men

Sample Teacher Interview Questions Teacher Relationships With Students 1. What kind of students do you like to work with? What type of students could you teach most effectively? 2. You give an assignment. A student ridicules the assignment, saying it doesn’t make sense. What would you do? 3. How do you help students experience success? 4. How would you individualize instruction for students? 5. What procedures do you use to evaluate student progress besides using tests? 6. How would you challenge the slow learner and the advanced learner within the same class? 7. What would your students say about you?Teacher Relationships With Colleagues 9. Tell us about yourself, and specifically what brought you to want to be an English, math, science teacher? 10. What is your philosophy about teaching English, math, science? 1. What kind of teachers would you prefer to work with? Why? 2. What activities would you like to work with in our school? 3. What quality or qualities do you have tha t would enhance our teaching staff? 4. What are some personality characteristics you find undesirable in people? 5. Who should be responsible for discipline in a school? Why? 6. What needs and/or expectations do you have of the school administration? . How do you collaborate with your colleagues? Teacher Relationships With Parents 1. What do you feel is the most effective way to communicate with parents? Describe how you have used this/these technique(s). 2. Describe the reasons why you would contact parents. 3. What would you include in your Open House presentations to parents? 4. What community activities would you like to be associated with? Why? Instructional Techniques 1. Describe any school experience you have had, particularly in student teaching (or in another teaching position) that has prepared you for a full-time position at our school. . How would you integrate technology into the curriculum you would teach? 3. Describe any innovative projects you have been involved in d eveloping. 4. Give an example of how you have used cooperative learning in your classroom. 5. What four words would students use to describe your teaching strategies? 6. What rules do you have for your classroom . Describe your teaching style and how you accommodate the different learning styles of the students in your classes. 8. What do you consider to be your strengths and how will you use them in your teaching? 9.In what ways do you keep students on task and well behaved during collaborative group activities? A Potpourri of Topics and Background Information 1. Why did you choose to become a teacher? 2. What are your hobbies and interests? 3. What are your plans for continuing your professional growth? 4. Tell me about an interesting article you have read recently in a professional journal. 5. What contributions can you make to our school? 6. What current trends in public education please you? Displease you? 7. Tell me about the three people who have most influenced your own educ ation and educational career. . Tell us about a golden teaching moment? Questions for Management Expertise1. Describe the management strategies and techniques you use to maintain an effective classroom environment2. In what ways do you keep students on task and well behaved during collaborative group activities? 3. Describe your expectations for student behavior? In other words, if I were to enter your class on an average day, what should I expect to see with regard to student behavior? 4. Keith is your busy seventh-grader. He is constantly moving in your class and always ready to throw spitballs.Although his behavior is not seriously disruptive, it is annoying. He is especially active when he believes that you cannot see him. How would you deal with this situation? 5. Describe the management strategies and techniques you use to maintain an effective classroom environment6. Describe your expectations for student behavior? In other words, if I were to enter your class on an average d ay, what should I expect to see with regard to student behavior? 7. Keith is your busy seventh-grader. He is constantly moving in your class and always ready to throw spitballs.Although his behavior is not seriously disruptive, it is annoying. He is especially active when he believes that you cannot see him. How would you deal with this situation? Personal Characteristics Questions1. How would a colleague describe you? 2. What are your strengths and weaknesses as a teacher? 3. As a teacher, how do you relate to students, colleagues, and parents? 4. What do you consider to be a major issue in public education today? Questions for Content Area Expertise:1. Describe your knowledge and experience with the California content standards applicable to your content area. . Describe any specific areas of strength within your content area (e,g. , Physical Science, Writing Workshop, Algebra, etc. ). 3. If you could teach just one grade level and subject within your content area, what would you choose? Why? 4. What sorts of assessment, both formal and informal, do you view as being important indicators of successful performance for students learning your content area? 5. If you could teach any novel, what would it be and what would your students be doing? 6. How do you adjust for reading level differences within your classroom?Questions for English Learner Expertise:1. We have a large number of English learners in our district. What knowledge and experience do you have that is representative of your ability to teach English learners? 2. What knowledge and experience do you have regarding the California English Language Development Standards? 3. Imagine that you are teaching a â€Å"regular† mainstream class in your content area. A new student arrives in your class one day, and you soon find out that this student possesses only limited English fluency (that is, some oral fluency but very limited reading and writing fluency).You realize that this is probably not the c orrect placement for the student, so you approach the counselor in charge of scheduling students. You are told that there is no room in the other classrooms for the foreseeable future and that you will just have to do the best you can. What would you do to accommodate this student until a better placement comes up? 4. In what ways, both formal and informal, might you assess a student with limited English fluency to be sure the student is truly learning the content of your course curriculum? Short Interview Questions § How would a colleague describe you? What are your strengths and weaknesses as a teacher?  § As a teacher, how do you relate to students, colleagues, and parents?  § What do you consider to be a major issue in public education today?  § Describe your knowledge and experience with the California content standards applicable to your content area.  § Describe any specific areas of strength within your content area (e,g. , Physical Science, Writing Workshop, Algeb ra, etc. ).  § If you could teach just one grade level and subject within your content area, what would you choose? Why? What sorts of assessment, both formal and informal, do you view as being important indicators of successful performance for students learning your content area?  § We have a large number of English learners in our district. What knowledge and experience do you have that is representative of your ability to teach English learners?  § Imagine that you are teaching a â€Å"regular† mainstream class in your content area. A new student arrives in your class one day, and you soon find out that this student possesses only limited English fluency (that is, some oral fluency but very limited reading and writing fluency).You realize that this is probably not the correct placement for the student, so you approach the counselor in charge of scheduling students. You are told that there is no room in the other classrooms for the foreseeable future and that you will just have to do the best you can. What would you do to accommodate this student until a better placement comes up?  § In what ways, both formal and informal, might you assess a student with limited English fluency to be sure the student is truly learning the content of your course curriculum?  § Discuss a curriculum project you developed which generated high motivation and engagement among your students.Tell us what the project looked like and what resources you used to develop it.  § How do you feel about participating in an advisory period or other master-scheduled differences?  § What kinds of strategies do you use to challenge students to have an in-depth understanding of mathematics, science, English literature?  § What strategies do you use to make curriculum meaningful and relevant to students?  § Since we will be held accountable for standardized test results, what will you do in the area of curriculum development to e3nsure that students do well on the test wit hout teaching the test? Describe the evaluation instruments you use to assess student learning.  § Describe your ideas for ensuring that you have positive communication with parents and the larger community.  § What do you envision will be your biggest challenge this year?  § How do you excel in working with students from diverse populations?  § Why are you interested in working at this school?  § Share with us your philosophy of teaching and learning?  § What is the role/responsibility of a teacher in a classroom?  § Tell us about a time when a student really got what you were hoping they would. An â€Å"Ah HA† moment. Why do you think students from diverse cultural and educational backgrounds do not excel in school in comparison to more traditional students?  § What kinds of things can be done to compensate for inadequacies in English or prior knowledge?  § Tell us about your approach to classroom discipline – how do you ensure your students are on- task, and what steps do you take when they are not?  § What do you think was your most successful lesson you have taught and why?  § What was the most challenging lesson you have had to teach, and how did you overcome the obstacles?  § What would be the ideal teaching position be? |

Selective Media Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Selective Media - Lab Report Example Selective media has a limited number of microorganisms it can support in growth because the particular component inhibits most other microorganisms by either limiting their growth or production of toxic substance that inhibit growth of non-selected microbes hence appropriate in the selection of target microorganisms during diagnosis. Diagnostic procedures utilising growth characteristics of enteric microorganisms is one of the cheapest and the easiest microbiological protocol that can be adopted in any low-income laboratory or a facility with high throughput diagnostic equipments. During the diagnosis of enteric medical conditions, use of growth media in the diagnosis of microorganisms gives reliable information that guides subsequent diagnostic studies that aims at targeting a particular pathogen. However, the growth of microorganisms is a characteristic of the media used in the assessment of growth. All media do not support the growth of all pathogens. In fact, only nutrient agar can support the growth of most microorganisms. Therefore, utilising a particular media that targets an individual pathogen is a crucial phenomenon in bacterial culture laboratory practices. Media are made selective for a particular microorganism by the incorporation of growth enhancement component that targets a particular pathogen as well as growth limiting component that inhibits the growth of unwanted organisms. Such media is referred to as selective media because it either enhances or inhibits the growth. Using selecting media makes it easy to discriminate most unwanted pathogens that arise from environmental contamination and likely to give false positive diagnosis. This report assessed the growth, morphology characteristics, differential colony features of the four selected microorganisms (E. coli, Salmonella tyhimum, Shigella flecked, and Staphylococcus spp) on five selected selective media (Phenylethyl alcohol – PEA; Hektoen enteric agar- HEK;

Employee's Perception of Managment of Workplace Stress Essay

Employee's Perception of Managment of Workplace Stress - Essay Example There have been recent researches across the globe to address the causes of stress in work places. Notably, the research on employee perceptions of management of stress in workplaces identifies that the source of stressors and individual behavior need to be viewed to diminish this condition (Buys et al, 2010, p. 25). The research on employee perceptions of management of stress in workplaces notes that it is ineffective to return workers to the same surrounding that conduced their stress. It is thus significant to have intercessions at the organizational level since some of the stress contributors can be regulated by the employer; such as unreasonable performance demands, excessive working hours, poor communication, bullying, and job insecurity. These factors are embedded in the organization’s culture which can be changed through helpful leadership and common indulgent organizational goals. Legislative and policy systems devised to assist injured employees also contribute to st ress related disorders in work places and hinder rehabilitation efforts (Buys et al, 2010, p. 26). The research on employee perceptions of management of stress in workplaces employed qualitative data collection method. It employed the use of questionnaires on 600 respondents, who had attended an international conference on disability management in Berlin, Germany (Buys et al, 2010, p. 27). The questionnaire had two sections; section one required a respondent to fill information on the location of their organization, the number of employees, organization type and the respondents role in the organization. Section two engrossed 30 statements and open-minded questions that touched on the approaches that the organization uses to manage stress. The statements called for the respondent to specify the level of agreement on a 6-point Likert scale having ranges from â€Å"strongly agree† to â€Å"strongly

Financial Markets and Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial Markets and Risk - Essay Example It will also mobilize and pool savings. Financial market also helps in diversification of trade and reduction of risk. (Campion 2010, pp.67-209) It is vivid to note that this market facilitates development of financial institutions and instruments that can manage risks. (Baumol 2011, pp.122-130) The system also provides financial regulation to ensure stability of financial institution in any given economy. It is also worth noting that financial system ensures that funds are channeled from households, firms, and governments that have surplus funds to those with deficits (The economist 2011, p.39) . Various products are always provided by retail banks and non-banking institutions, these products promote movement of funds in the market to create a balance. The depository institutions always take deposits and lend out funds in terms of loans. This aspect always creates financial assets and enhances liquidity in a given market. In spite of considerable innovation in the financial sector, the popularity of depository services always persists. In Europe, bank deposits remain to be the best-known long-term savings. About 74% of European households have bank deposits. Various types of bank deposits are always offered. First, the time deposits which are not always disposable immediately because they are always fixed. Another type of bank deposits is the savings deposits whose negotiability is always restricted to a given level. (Campion 2010, pp.67-209) There are always deposits resulting from savings scheme that always require the depositor to make regular payments. Securities Varieties of securities always exist in the financial market. The investment by households in securities has tended to increase in the developing countries in the past two decades. A good example of security is bonds. A bond is a debt instrument, which is the obligation of the borrower of funds to make specified interest and principal payments to lender of funds. The bond obligates the issuer to m ake specified interest and principal payments to the holder on specified dates. (BME 2008, PP.200-223) Giving long term loans The banks always offer long-term loans to the people with fund deficit and those who need to deposit. The banks always require the borrowers to have collateral to reduce default risk. The banks always require the borrowers to pay the principal amount and the interest accrued. This is the most common method of advancing credit to the borrowers. It is also vivid to note that the amount borrowed is always returned after a specified period. (Campion 2010, pp.67-209) Implication of general increase in interest rate The general increase in interest rates always has an impact on the individual savers and investors. It is vivid to note that both savers and investors always receive this increase differently. (The economist 2011, p.39) Impact on savors Increase in the interest rates charged by banks and other financial institutions have a positive impact on the savors. The main aim of saving is always to gain interest. It is therefore fundamental to note that savors would be highly motivated to save when the interest rate is higher to gain more interest on their principal amount. (Campion 2010, pp.67-209) It is salient to comment categorically that in the periods of low interest rates savors would opt to investing in other securities like bond, notes payable and even equity as long as the return is higher. (BME 2008, PP.56-89) Impact on investors

Interview question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interview question - Essay Example Areas that have improvements over the national average will be highlighted along with weaknesses from observation as compared to the achievement scores. Development of goals begins with the production of a time management plan that consists of the required curriculum elements and how best to incorporate psychological principles of learning (such as social learning theory) into the classroom environment. Proper planning for social and cognitive learning must be developed into a goal-attainment plan. 2. Three month goals include an introduction of youth psychology into the learning plan that includes role modeling of teacher and high performing students so as to incorporate them into the classroom teaching structure. Previous primary research studies that found success in motivating youths in the concrete operational stage of development will be used as the foundation for teaching style in the first three months. The goal is to promote more group learning for the younger children to re duce egocentric behaviors common to this stage of development to improve the social environment and motivate retention. Students will be delivered a survey or questionnaire instrument with language developed appropriate for youths of these age brackets to identify key needs.

Importance of Management in an Organization Research Paper

Importance of Management in an Organization - Research Paper Example This report considers management as an asset and a resource to the organization putting forward an explanation on its importance to the organization. The report tries to provide a deeper and precise understanding of the management phenomena for the sustainability and the competiveness of the organization. Using a case setting of a health care and a medical service provider it is evident that management contributes greatly to the improved performance, efficiency and the competitiveness of the organization, this examination is based on the longitudinal study of this organization covering its key departments in which the concept of management is vital. The report provides the importance of management for a better organizational corporate environment attributed by good management. Finally is that the report justifies the importance of management in the interaction among the stakeholders organization which is crucial in determining the stability and the organizational future sustainability. Contents ABSTRACT 2 Contents 3 INTRODUCTION 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9 Case Study Setting 10 RESULTS 10 The Perception of the Stakeholders 12 DISCUSS ION OF THE RESULTS 13 CONCLUSIONS 16 INTRODUCTION There have been ambiguities in the context of the concept of management in most organizations on its importance in the contribution to the improved performance and the overall success an organization. Most of the organizations notably both the profit and non-profit organizations have began to realize the importance of adopting best and improved management principles and practices in order to be able to establish themselves and to adapt into the current corporate environment. In regard to the principles of best management practices, management is widely recognized as the intangible asset and a resource of an organization which is the key factor towards the achievement of organizational sustainability as well as the competitive advantage thus contributing to the accelerating pace and the overall growth of the organization (Agarwal 2003). According to the various research provided by scholars, in the current corporate world the initial and traditional factors of production such as the capital, labor and land have become less important in the achievement of optimum positive economic and social returns without the incorporation of the concept of management. As the implication of this, it is notable that most of the organizations have concentrated in the investment and the creation of value and convertible economic results through the integration of management principles and practices while running the operations of the organization (David Knights 2007). The importance of management in the running of organizations has been acknowledged by most of the scholars and researchers as the major strategic resource management in the achievement of the organization competiveness and the organizational sustainability. The increased dynamicity, complexity and the complexity in the operations of the various organizations has sparked the interest and the need to adopt better and enhanced management. The key importance of managemen t is its purpose and role in the formulation and design of management strategies, these strategies are regarded as the essential corporate resource which provides the sustainability and the competitive advantage to the organization. The major part of the workforce is the presence of qualified employees who are well educated with the relevant knowledge and experience for the designated

Terrorism and Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Terrorism and Poverty - Essay Example Finally, the phrase was again used in 2001 and still is being used. An operative definition in US foreign policy under the Federal Criminal code and stated by Bush as, "today's war on terror is like the Cold War. It is an ideological struggle with an enemy that despises freedom and pursues totalitarian aims....I vowed then that I would use all assets of our power of Shock and Awe to win the war on terror. And so I said we were going to stay on the offense two ways: one, hunts down the enemy and brings them to justice, and takes threats seriously; and two, spread freedom." The British have some objections to the phrase 'War on Terror.' The Director of Public Prosecutions and head of the Crown Prosecution Service in the UK, Ken McDonald has stated that the places where these attacks are carried out are not battlefields and the people who die are not victims of war. Also, the people who carry out such terrorist activities are not soldiers, they are criminals. The war on poverty was first introduced by Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States. The legislation was a reaction to the high economic poverty rate. This led to the development of Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) which helped in targeting funds towards the poor and managing the poverty level that existed in the country at that time. The concept of war on poverty waned around the 1960's. The budget towards the impoverished people diminished and there was some de-regulation which led to this. There are many view points which are very subjective to every individual. Many leaders, economists and politicians have commented on this. To some, the war on poverty is important to be victorious in the war on terror; to others finishing terrorism is more important while still to some finishing poverty is more important. One very important factor to not is that to fight such wars, institutional structures need to be created which can help fight the war, this is as important as the conflict itself. The world has failed to win the war on poverty. This can be blamed to the political system and the judiciary. In my opinion, the upper class of society needs to be blamed more; they should make more contributions towards the poor to help diminish the huge gap that exists between the different classes of society. The power that the government has is limited, they can not make all people rich or provide them with the money they need. They can only make a few changes in the policy to help these people get a job, get better pays or start a business. The government can not ban legitimate products and not raise wages across the nation; they have other things to consider such as inflation. On the brighter side of the picture, many new policies and legislations were made which opened new doors for the lower class of society, labour laws were introduced, minimum wages were set and there is strict control over these policies. Thus in the US much improvement has taken place and we can easily say that they have achieved some yards in this war. According to Hilary Benn (2007), by giving a name to the war on terror, we are not only giving all such groups an identity, a common identity but also it leads to using one uniform approach towards fighting them. All such groups need to be handled individually, with policies and strategies

Last Call at the Oasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Last Call at the Oasis - Essay Example The problem at hand within the American community is hidden by the fact that water delivery is sufficient to every citizen. However, the grim reality is that the American society is faced with looming shortages in water supply if means to curb the over utilization of water is not observed. Water pollution is not a new phenomenon and its is expounded in the film raising need for conservative measures to be pursued. The world is covered with seventy percent of water content, but only a mere 0.7 percent of the total water available is fresh and fit for use. This in itself is alarming and presents a serious challenge for the country and the globe at large. Water depletion across the globe is commensurate to the rapid and steady increase in population. The American society has been secure about availability of water a scenario that has been a far cry in developing countries where access to clean water safe for consumption is a daunting task. People have to travel long distances to access different water sources as reflected in the documentary. The problem faced by people from different locations cannot be isolated from the actions of Americans as water is a global crisis. Water pollution is not a new term in conservation circles, but its amplification in the documentary necessitates consideration of alternatives to avert a looming crisis across the world. Water pollution is a phenomenon that relates to the direct contamination of different water bodies ranging from rivers, lakes, groundwater, oceans, and aquifers (Last Call at the Oasis). Water pollution poses different challenges to a population if not addressed as it not only affects human beings, but also the activities they are engaged in for the generation of revenue. Clean water is a source for a thriving community a fact that is contradicted by individual actions contributing to the pollution of water bodies. The United States is at a precarious position in the need for water conservation efforts given its le ading consumption of water status across the world. Pollution and its effects can be traced to the drops in water levels as indicated in the documentary with the example of Lake Mead, which has been used for the generation of electricity and supply of water has only forty percent of its capacity filled with water. Pollution of water within the American society and across the globe can be linked to unsustainable water use patterns. The use of water in the modern society can best be described as overly wasteful and alarming to the future generation’s ability of accessing clean and fresh water. The wasteful behaviors can be credited for the over eighty percent of water that is used for agricultural process and other food production systems a phenomenon that cuts across the globe. Water pollution and the misuse of water resources in the American society are intertwined with a fine example being activities highlighted in the documentary such flushing of toilets and watering of law ns (Dropbox). Toilets whose capacity is estimated at above six gallons contribute to the waste and pollution of water and thus such water closets should be replaced with others whose capacity is minimal. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is criticized in the documentary for the lack of clear policies regulating water usage and pollution. Water contamination takes different forms from basic pollution at the domestic level to complex

Theoretical Aspects of the US Position in ODS and OIF Essay

Theoretical Aspects of the US Position in ODS and OIF - Essay Example s see communities, as well as the identities and norms they help to create and sustain, as the most critical determinants of order, whether at home or abroad (Lebow 56), this explanation could be considered rather plausible. On the other hand, according to Thucydides and classical realists more generally, military power and alliances are necessary safeguards in the volatile world of international relations, but also double-edged swords; thus being considered as likely to provoke as to prevent conflict (Lebow 56). The history of the North Atlantic Alliance appeared the genuine article of such an ambiguity. NATO’s existence during the Cold War was a major factor that prevented military conflict in Europe, standing out against the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet geopolitical aspirations; while after the fall of the Berlin wall and the demise of the Soviet Union, the alliance got involved in military conflicts in Europe and beyond the alliance’s geographical range – start ing with the 1990 invasion in Iraq, as part of the UN-authorized multinational coalition force – thus significantly expanding its influence and geography (Gordon and Shapiro 31, 39). Finally, realism would render another explanation of the 1990 invasion in Iraq, namely as a preventive war waged by status quo powers on a ‘rising’ regional challenger such as Saddam Hussein’s regime (see Lebow 57); which, being tempted to believe that has the advantage of possessing arguably the largest military capabilities in the region, and plenty of elbow room due to messy world of international politics by that time, invaded and occupied Kuwait. Having failed to prevent the war, the balance of power – in accordance with Morgenthau’s postulates (see Morgenthau 155-9, 162-6, 170, cited in Lebow 57) – is... From the research it can be comprehended that considering the importance of community in imposing limits on the ends and means of power, as well as exploring the relationship between domestic and international politics, classical realism presents plausible explanations of Operation Desert Storm, whereas it’s much more convincing in regard to Operation Iraqi Freedom. Having distinguished between interest and power, and delivering a sophisticated understanding of the balance of power, relative power position of the US, and the strengths and weaknesses of both allies and adversaries, classical realism explains not only the reasons for the 2003 invasion, but also the choice of invading Iraq, rather than some other of the so-called ‘rogue’ states, later designated by George Bush Jr to be constituent parts of the ‘axis of evil’. Neorealism, in turn, based on the assumption of power as the first and last resort in the anarchic self-help system of internation al politics, couldn’t satisfactorily explain many of the ODS features, including the role of the UN in authorizing the military action against Iraq. By stark contrast, in regard to OIF, neorealism provides extremely powerful explanations of most, if not all, aspects of the American position and actions, including the motives behind the invasion, the reason why Iraq was targeted, as well as the far-reaching goals and implications of the US-led campaign.

Clarence killed Essay Example for Free

Clarence killed Essay This reveals that Richard plans to have Clarence killed, before his brother enters Richard utters,  Dive thoughts, down to my soul: here Clarence comes  This shows the audience that he is not going to be his true self in the next scene as if his thoughts dive down to his soul then they will be too deep down to surface, yet Clarence is not aware of his brothers falsities, and yet again, because of his acting ability Clarence thinks that his brother loves him. Richard claims not to know the reason Clarence is in the tower. That you should be new-chistend in the Tower  But whats the matter, Clarence may I know?  But he himself reveals his part in Clarences imprisonment in the soliloquy previous to this scene,  About a prophecy, which says that G?  Clarences naivety is seen the most before his murder when he says in desperation,  And I will send you to my brother Gloucester  Who shall reward you better for my life   And even after the murderers tell him that his brother hates him he is adamant that they are wrong. This scene, when Clarence is trying to bargain with the murderers, shows how dangerous Richards intelligence is, as little does Clarence know, it is his brother that wants him killed. Richard has lured Clarence into a web of deceit in which Clarence has become susceptible to Richards lies showing how dangerously alluring Richard is in this play  Richards other personalities include, confident to the audience, in his soliloquies where he is his self. Lover to Anne,  Your beauty was the cause of that effect Loving Uncle to the princes,  Where it seems best unto your royal self..  Leader of his people, a devout pious man,  O do not swear , my lord Buckingham  and many, many more. This makes him alluring because his many sides make him an intriguing character as he his not two dimensional like the rest of the cast. His multiple personas make him dangerously alluring because it is difficult to say which of his personas his is utilising, and it would be difficult to believe him as it would be hard to tell whether what he is saying is an act. For example when he is speaking with Clarence he seems genuinely concerned about his brother, From whence this present day he is deliverd?  Ã‚  We are not safe, Clarence, we are not safe!  Perhaps without the aid of the soliloquies we would not know otherwise?.  To conclude, I personally think that the two words Dangerously alluring do justice to Richards manipulative ways. Richard suffers from chronic ambitiousness, and as a result he does not have a conscience. Richard lures people into his web of deceit and quickly exterminates them if they do not fit the mould. He is a dangerous character as; I think he does not see people as human but as pawns to manipulate on the way to the throne. The factor that makes him most alluring is his multiple personalities which he explores throughout the play. His chameleonic ways are perilous because he can swap quickly for personality to personality making him interesting to the audience. This is not only perilous to the people around him, but also to himself as if he plays all of these characters he will soon lose himself in all of the pretence. By the end of the play he begins to deteriorate as personally I think that once he has achieved his main goal, he does not know what to do with himself, he quickly becomes paranoid and as a strong, dangerously alluring character, he collapses, and is no longer appealing to the audience. He become guilty, mistrustful, and vicious compared to his previous character which oozed charisma. No longer is he Richard, the anti hero with an alluring personality, but Richard III who no longer has control over a world which he once had wrapped around his little finger. Once upon a time Richard was dangerously alluring but towards the end he becomes dangerously aware.

Boiler and Auxiliaries Identification

Boiler and Auxiliaries Identification OBJECTIVES To identify all major external components associated with gas fired boilers. To describe the function of all major components. THE FIVE MAJOR EXTERNAL COMPONENTS OF A GAS FIRED BOILER FEED-WATER SYSTEM Water supply and backflow preventer: The water supply comes direct from the city, and then finally into the boiler. A backflow preventer is a device used to prevent backflow. It does this through an air gap used to provide a barrier to the backflow. Water softener system: Water softeners are for pre-treatment equipment for boiler feed water, cooling towers, entire water supply and various types of process water. Feed-water tank: The feed water is put in to the steam drum from a feed pump. In the steam drum the feed water is then turned into steam from the heat. After the steam is used it is then dumped to the main condenser. From the condenser it is then pumped to the feed tank. Feed-water tank drain valves: It provides a connection for water to enter the water tank, a connection for the tank drain, a connection for a tank pressure relief valve, a connection for an air inlet valve or a water pressure gauge, and a connection for water to leave the tank to enter the buildings water piping system. Feed-water tank sight glass: A sight glass is a transparent tube through which the operator of a tank or boiler can observe the level of liquid contained within. Feed-water tank temperature indication: The feed-water tank temperature indication enables the plant operator to monitor/control feed-water heater levels and decrease their plants heat rate. Feed-water tank temperature control valve and sensor: This helps to control scaling, corrosion, and eventually hot spots and tube failures. Chemical pumps and sampling system: The chemical pumps feed systems treat feed-water and condition blowdown sludge against corrosion and scaling Boiler 1 2 feed-water pump: The pump 1 2 are used to pump feed-water into a steam boiler. The water that is supplied or returning condensate produced as a result of the condensation of the steam produced by the boilers. BOILER SYSTEMS A boiler system is simply a process used to heat up water by the means of a gas or oil-fired burner which then converts the water into steam. The steam travels through various pipes to the convectors and then generates heat used to warm the room. After a while the steam cools by condensing into water, and returns to the boiler to be heated again. BOILER AIR / FUEL SYSTEMS The boiler fuel system comprise of various units that is used create steam by applying heat energy to water. The fuel source releases its energy in the form of combustion taking place inside the boiler furnace for the boiler to convert water to steam. Main fuel line: Supplies the fuel gas from outside the plant to the boiler Fuel metering and regulation system: Regulates the quantity of fuel gas that is been supplied into the boiler. Main fuel shutoff valves: As fuel enters through the main fuel line, the valves allow for easy shut-off of fuel flow to the boiler. Main burner pressure regulators: If natural gas and air are inside the boiler when the burner is lit, the boiler can explode. Therefore, boiler steam pressure and water level are monitored and controlled by means of burner pressure regulator. Low and high pressure switches: For sensing fluid pressure. The pressure-sensing element are arranged to respond to the difference of two pressures. Blower motors: Power the fans that distribute heat throughout the boiler. Air Dampers: Controls the flow of air through the boiler. Igniters: Converts the fuel that is being fed into the boiler through the main fuel line into heat by lighting a connected burner. Flame scanners: Monitor the boiler fires and detect the presence or absence of flame in a boiler. STEAM SYSTEM, EXHAUST STEAM AND CONDENSATE: STEAM SYSTEM As the boiler heats up the water that generates steam, the steam travels at a very high pressure through various valves, a low pressure turbine, and is then exhausted into the condenser. The valves are used to maintain a set pressure in other to protect most of the steam components which is used to rotate the turbine. The stop valve is used to stop the steam as it flows into the turbine in case of any problem that could damage the turbine. The check valve is used to control the amount of steam which flows into the turbine thereby controls the speed of the turbine when it is connected to the grid used to generate electricity by the help of an attached generator. CONDENSATE The final place for the steam that is produced in the boiler is the condenser. In the condenser, the steam turns back into water by means of a heat exchanger which condenses the steam into liquid by cooling. EXHAUST STEAM: The exhaust steam is used to release the steam that no longer has enough heat energy after it has being used. BLOW-DOWN SYSTEM During the process of the steam generated, if any impurity carry over with the steam it would cause overheating in the superheater tubes. The blowdown system is used to prevent deposit of impurities into other surface like the turbine blades. DISCUSSIONS What did you learn about the equipment or technique? In this lab experiment, I have learnt about the five major external components of a gas fired boiler. How each stages is essential for generating steam. It is important to thoroughly understand the need for boiler to generate steam can also be catastrophic when no proper care is put in place. What problems were encountered? The few problems that could be encountered are as follow: If there is no safety valves installed on top of the boiler to protect the steam system components from over pressure, As fuel enters through the main fuel line, the valves that allow for easy shut-off of fuel flow to the boiler is broken causing fuel leakage that could cause fire outbreak. How this equipment or technique could be applied to chemical production? In chemical production, the equipment or technique could be applied to chemical production for the following reasons: As water heats up and converts to steam, the steam is used to power or rotate the blades of the turbines for generating electric which provides the voltage and current used to power other electrical equipment for the chemical production. The steam could be used for processing chemical products by means of sterilization. The steam could be used to power heating and air conditioning units in the chemical production plant. CONCLUSION The Process flow and P ID diagram gave me the opportunities to have a broader understanding a boiler system and how each components work to generate steam. REFERENCES Boiler: power generation. Retrieved from: Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boile (power_generation) Main steam supply and Feedwater system. Retrieved from: Candu https://canteach.candu.org/Content%20Library/19930205.pdf

The Effect Of Anxiety On An Athletes Performance Psychology Essay

The Effect Of Anxiety On An Athletes Performance Psychology Essay Competitive state anxiety is defined as a tendency to perceive competitive situations as threatening and to respond to these situations with feelings of apprehension and tension.(Martens, Vealey Burton, 1990). Competitive state anxiety can be split into cognitive and somatic components, cognitive being negative mental thoughts and concerns about ability and performance for instance indecision and loss of confidence, with somatic being the physiological responses to anxiety such as increased heart rate and muscle tension. It is important to measure both intensity and direction to determine the effect of anxiety on an athletes performance as it allows interpretation of results and can subsequently be used to assist the athlete to alter their thoughts before a competition and to improve performance. The intensity component indicates the levels of competitive anxiety in relation to factors such as situational antecedents (Woodman Hardy, 2001), and direction allows interpretation of results as facilitative or debilitative to performance (Jones, 1995). The athlete in this study is an 18 year old female triathlete. The study was conducted before and after a British Universities Colleges Sport (BUCS) national duathlon championship. The event involved a 3.2km run followed by a 16km bike ride and another 3.2km run in which she came 12th in a time of 54 minutes 52.747 seconds, which was similar to her previous best performances. Results The results for cognitive A-state and somatic A-state anxiety from the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) are indicated in the table and graph below. The scores can range from 9 (low) to 36 (high) for intensity, and from -27 (very debilitative) to 27 (very facilitative) for direction. Cognitive Anxiety Somatic Anxiety Intensity 19 14 Direction -8 0 The CSAI-2 indicated that she had low to medium intensity cognitive anxiety and that this would be slightly debilitative to her performance. In contrast, she suffered from low somatic anxiety but had a direction score of 0 signifying that the somatic symptoms she felt would affect her performance neither positively nor negatively. In the interview it was discovered that she felt that the competition was quite important but was not a main race for her although there were a lot of elite competitors in the race. She also added that as it was a BUCS race she felt pressure from her coach as well as herself to do well for the university. The pressure helped her motivation to keep going through the middle of the race, which turned out to be similar to her previous performances. Prior to the race she felt worried but as the race started she kept setting aims to keep up with people and overtake other competitors. The race started early which gave her less time to warm up after a hard training week leading up to the race. Despite the amount of training in the week before the race, she said she had high energy which was helpful to her performance. Discussion The multidimensional theory of anxiety (Martens et al., 1990) indicates that as cognitive anxiety increases, performance will drop. This theory only considered intensity, however later research led to the direction aspect (Jones, 1995) being added and anxiety considered as debilitative or facilitative. Before the race, the athlete was feeling low-medium intensity cognitive anxiety, which should result in a medium to high performance. However, the CSAI-2 results indicated that the cognitive anxiety she was feeling would have a detrimental effect on her performance. Neither somatic or cognitive anxiety were seen as facilitative to performance and research has found that males consistently report higher facilitative perceptions than females (Wiggins, 1998). If cognitive anxiety levels increase too high then, combined with elevated physiological arousal, could lead to a dramatic decline in performance as explained by the catastrophe theory (Hardy Fazey, 1987). Wiggins (1998) also discovered that cognitive intensity was higher than somatic intensity but somatic direction was higher (more facilitative) than cognitive direction. This was evident with the athlete but neither component of anxiety was considered to be facilitative. Studies have shown that athletes intensity of cognitive anxiety is highest before competition and then declines significantly from pregame to postgame (Butt, Weinberg, Horn, 2003). This was evident for the athlete as anxiety eased as the race started. Prior to the race, she was experiencing low-medium cognitive anxiety and felt moderately nervous. The main symptoms of cognitive anxiety suffered by the athlete were concern about the competition, the race result and self-doubt as well as concern that others would be disappointed with her performance. This intensity and pressure helped her feel motivated and stay strong, and any nerves disappeared once she started the race and positive thoughts helped channel her focus on the task in hand. Somatic anxiety intensity has been found to fluctuate over time but direction remains stable (Butt et al., 2003). Intensity was found to be highest before the game and declined during competition. The athlete in this study suffered from low intensity somatic anxiety before the competition but this was not facilitative or debilitative. The main symptoms of somatic anxiety were nervousness, jitteriness and increased heart rate. It was evident that the intensity decreased when the competition started as the nerves eased and she felt energetic. A study of athletes (Hanton, Wadey, and Connaughton, 2005) found that many of the debilitating symptoms remained prevalent after years of many competitions, were reported to fluctuate closer to the event and particularly at higher levels of competition. The event that the data for this study was collected from was for the triathletes first BUCS competition. This shows that even after competing in many previous events as well as internationally, anxiety was still found to be a debilitating factor towards performance. Another discovery made by Hanton et al. (2005) was that an athletes main routine before a competition is to be physically prepared over mentally prepared. Physical readiness, such as warming up and training in the build up weeks, was found to allow the athletes to compete at an elite level despite debilitating anxiety symptoms. However, when comparing athletes who mentally prepared and those who did not, performance was higher in those who had mentally prepared. A problem for the athlete in this study was that due to the race start time being moved forward, she did not have sufficient time to physically warm up let alone to mentally prepare. Failing to warm up properly may have had a detrimental effect on her performance as a warm up can increase the speed of muscle contraction and relaxation, increases heart rate and blood flow to working muscles, in addition to mentally focusing on the task in hand. The coherence between the CSAI-2 questionnaire before the event and the interview afterwards was strong. The athlete felt low-medium cognitive anxiety from the CSAI-2 including self-doubts and concern about the result, and this was backed up afterwards in the interview when she said that she was worried and feeling pressure before the race. She also stated that she was suffering from nerves before the race in both the CSAI-2 and the interview. Conclusions and Recommendations From the CSAI-2 questionnaire and interview I can construe that the anxiety suffered by the athlete did not affect her performance negatively. The intensity of cognitive anxiety was low-medium and somatic anxiety was low intensity before the race. Too much anxiety would have a detrimental effect on performance due to high pressure, negative thoughts and attentional narrowing. Too little anxiety could lead to lack of concentration, focusing on unimportant cues from the environment, external distraction. I establish that the athlete had moderate levels of anxiety which can increase effort as the athlete is not overcome by pressure. In the interview after the race she said that any pressure and negativity was focused onto a positive attitude and setting goals to improve her position. Although I consider the athlete was unaffected by her anxiety levels, if the direction aspect of cognitive and somatic anxiety can be made facilitative, it may have a beneficial impact on performance. To do this there are a number of techniques that sports psychologists can use to manipulate an individuals judgment of a competitive situation, including self talk and imagery. A consistent finding across studies is that sport performers have a stronger preference for problem-focused strategies for overcoming anxiety, and perceptions of cognitive anxiety as debilitative are associated with behavioural disengagement and venting of emotions (Ntoumanis and Biddle, 2000). Self talk can be used to help anxiety responses such as self-doubt. This can be positive, having the ability to win, or negative, not being able to lose. Self-talk can help to increase concentration on the task at hand. Imagery can be used to improve self-confidence and overcome nerves. It involves mental picturing a perfect performance or remembering a previous performance that the athlete would like to repeat. It can be used with mental rehearsal, planning the events and tactics of the event or in the case of the triathlete, the race. She had positive thoughts during the race, but if these can begin before the race then her start may improve, as the pressure and worry may be relieved.

Essay example --

Hidden Emotions to Be Revealed The novel follows Clarissa Dalloway, the main character and other characters throughout their lives in 1923. The narrator of the book goes into the character’s mind and shows their emotion through each event that occurs throughout the day. The characters are trying to find a way to express their need for communication but also to demonstrate their need for privacy. Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, expresses the idea of hidden emotion being the sole benefactor of the actions taken by the characters aiming to instability within them. Clarissa Dalloway is the main character and the protagonist of the book Mrs. Dalloway. Clarissa Dalloway provides a unique example of the difficulty there is in finding happiness in the world. (Lauren Klein) She is 50 years old; she displays her energy and time into being a high society hostess by throwing lots of parties. Since she throws parties this is her way to convey her pathway to communication and an attempt to draw people together. In the beginning of the novel, we see Clarissa as an upper class woman who seems to be a bit shallow. (Lauren Klein) she is a bit shallow because she is the wife of a government worker and looks down on a person who doesn’t follow the social standards that are set for them. Deep down inside of her, she doesn’t feel attractive to the world because she cares a lot about what other people have to think about her. On the outside she shows that she happy and talkative but inside she is lacking confidence. She is always questioning and wondering if she is truly happy about the way that her life is. â€Å"It was, she thought, partly their clothes, partly being taken out of their ordinary ways, partly the background, it was possible to say thing... ...bservation that killing oneself is cowardly, that Septimus had fought and was brave, but that her husband was no longer Septimus– is given the task of constantly pointing things out to Septimus in an attempt to connect him to the outside world, but to no avail.† (Lauren Klein). She believes her husband has gone for the worst and he is not the Septimus that she first met and the one she decided to marry. After all in Mrs. Dalloway each character has their own flaws that they are trying to get through and reveal their hidden emotions. â€Å"They went in and out of each other’s minds without any effort.† (Woolf) this quote represents my whole paper and exactly their hidden emotions. Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, expresses the idea of hidden emotion being the sole benefactor of the actions taken by the character to stabilize their lives and feelings throughout the book.

US-Latin America Essay -- Politics, Dominican Republic

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the United States was the most dominant power in the Western Hemisphere. European nations conceded to the United States their right of any intervention in the Western Hemisphere and allowed the United States to do whatever they wanted. The United States took this newly bestowed power and abused it. The United States intervened in many Latin American countries and imposed their policies on to these countries against their will. A perfect example of this aggression is what occurred in the Dominican Republic in 1904. The United States intervened in this sovereign nation and took control of their economy and custom houses. A memorandum from Francis B. Loomis, the United States Assistant Secretary of State, to the Secretary of States illustrates the United States’ goals, interests, attitudes and assumptions in the Dominican Republic and how the United States policy makers felt towards Latin America during this time period. The United States had a wide variety of goals and interests in the Dominican Republic and in Latin America. In the Dominican Republic, Americans were heavily invested in the Dominicans’ industries. Americans invested in an area of six million dollars just in the Sugar industry alone (Loomis 2). And â€Å"the total American investments in the Dominican Republic of an important and active sort are estimated to be worth about twenty million dollars (Loomis 2). Also, many American citizens owned and operated many vast and major plantations and railroads in the Dominican Republic. American citizens’ owned and operated 60 miles of important line of railway (Loomis 3). Also at Sosua, the American company, United Fruit Company owned some twenty thousand acres of land which... ...l power in Latin American. The United States didn’t engage in classic direct imperialism which is colonialism, but engage in indirect imperialism which focused on controlling and intervening in the economic and social institutions of Latin America. The United States only cared for their economic well-being. They didn’t care the suffering the people of Latin America were going through. The United States only cared that their economic interests were thriving in Latin America. The policies the United States government undertook clearly show this. The policies of Roosevelt’s corollary and Taft’s dollar diplomacy only mention the United States’ interests. There is nothing about the Latin American’s interests and well-being. Many people suffered because of the United States’ policy that only supported and protected the rich and powerful corporations.

My College Experience :: Personal Narrative Writing

My College Experience My decision to change schools from The University of North Texas to come to Penn State, leaving behind friends I had made was a difficult and long process. The months leading to the decision were filled with a lot of stress, and put strain on family and friends alike. Adding to the situation was the strain of my not having a car, and not being able to afford to fix my current one. Even with these factors pressuring me, I think I managed to make the right decision, and left UNT, and came to Penn State. I should have known right from the start that I would have problems. My first day on the UNT campus I was told I would have to redo nearly all of my previous college work. They had different history, language, and English requirements than did my community college from Pennsylvania, and despite providing course descriptions, the classes that did match up, were named differently that theirs, so they denied transferring nearly all of my classes. After a fight, I resolved to take the classes that they required differently from my community college, for example, American History, where I had European history. Things were not fixed yet, but at least I was taking classes, and making progress.To further worsen things, I fell ill not a week into the semester. An initial strain of the flu had me running a fever of 102, and made me pretty much unable to do anything. I managed to get over it in about a week, but then I got a secondary infection which once again raised my body temperature to 102+. I finally went to see a doctor. He explained what happened why my fever broke and came back. He also prescribed antibiotics and cough medicine which got me on my feet again after another week. When I came back, professors were not willing to work with me at all, doctor’s note or no doctor’s note. My physics class even had a test the first day I was back, and I was forced to take it totally unprepared. Needless to say I failed the test miserably. To my surprise, so did the rest of the class. I managed to catch up in all my other classes to the point where I could expect a C, but I never recovered from physics, and ended up needing to retake it, and having my GPA smudged.

Our Fluid English Language Essay

It is generally known that as time goes on, most things tend to change, evolve and grow. This could be said about a long list of thing, including humans, music, fashion, technology and many more. But what isn’t commonly thought about is the evolution of language; more specifically the English Language. Being one of the most spoken and rapidly learned language worldwide, one might ponder the evolution of the it and how the English language came to be. Spoken today is called Modern English, but this language took hundreds of years to be developed into from its Greek, Latin, German, Russian and other European roots. To further understand the fluidity of the English language, a Catholic prayer that was once written in Anglo-Saxon or Old English is rewritten in Middle English and Early Modern English. Through these stepping stones of the English language, one could analyze the difference in letter symbols, punctuation, and pronunciation. At first glance, the Old English version seems to be in a completely different language. One would never believe that the English we speak today derived from Old English. But as one tries to decipher the words and the passage at hand, few words became certain to be derived from Old English. Although most are not Catholic and wouldn’t know this as a religious passage, the major clue was the capitalization of the first word: father. Although spelled â€Å"Faeder† in Old English, it was easy to assume that it was a prayer from prior knowledge about the Catholics reference to God as Father. Not only that, â€Å"Faeder† and â€Å"Father† have similar pronunciation and many of the same letters. Some words seem familiar through context clues such as â€Å"willa† and â€Å"will†, â€Å"becume† and â€Å"become†, and â€Å"forgyf† and â€Å"forgive†. However, there are words that are completely unfamiliar and are unused in Modern English such as â€Å"gedaeghwamlican†, â€Å"heofonum†, and â€Å"gyltendum†. This proves to show that has time goes on, words and symbols begin to change, words begin to be spoken in different sounds, and grammar starts to shift away from its original roots. From the Old English and the Middle English translations, grammar seems to change the most and is the most noticeable. Similar to how English is spoken today, the first line of the Middle English translated prayer starts off as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oure fadir,† which is very similar to the Modern English â€Å"Our Father.† But in the Old English version, the prayer starts as â€Å"Faeder ure.† In many languages like Spanish and Latin, verbs and possessors are generally put in front of the possessive, unlike Middle and Modern English. As seen in the Old English version, father comes before â€Å"ure† or our. This analyzation displays the roots of English and how the language evolves and eventually strays from its origin. Also seen clearly in the Middle English version of the Catholic prayer, words seem closer to the Modern English spoken today, although some symbols and spellings reveal its true age. More words become recognizable such as â€Å"kyngdom† to kingdom, and â€Å"heuene† to heaven. These words show how over time, words begin to shift and change, although it started as something else. A symbol that stays constant from Old English on to Middle English is a letter close to â€Å"p†. This symbol is pronounced a â€Å"th† sound. Although this symbol is replaced with the letter â€Å"t† and â€Å"h† in Modern English, the words such as â€Å"pi† and â€Å"pat† are equivalent to the Early Modern English words â€Å"thy† and â€Å"that†. This different usage of symbols but same sounds exemplifies the change in letter themselves, but not the sound it once came from. The Middle English truly shows the steps it took to get from Ol d English to Early Modern English. When we read the Early Modern English of this Catholic prayer, we can understand it clearly, though words that are used in the prayer are not used in our daily vocabulary and writing. Words such as thy, and art, which has a different meaning from Modern English, are not used and are rarely seen in modern writing explosions. Early Modern English has been changed and developed so dramatically that people don’t talk the way the prayer goes. The proof that shows how fluid English is by the usage of slang. Just as spelling, pronunciation and grammar of words and sentences changed from the three stepping stones of English evolution, modern English words are being condensed and meaning of words change. The evolution of the English language doesn’t stop with us. Although there are three stepping stones of the English language, in the future there is a  possibility that a New English will emerge. Just as it did over the course of hundreds of years, the English language will continue to evolve and change. Meanings will alter and spelling will change. A hundred years from now, Old English will seem to be a language in the past.

Computing project Essay

The dodging go away consider a go forr c wholly in and a word of honor to view or edit out anything Only 1 person is permitted to engage the frame, no- ane else requires entryway All blames result excessively be countersignature protected. database The t from from apiece i unrivaleder provide be capable to add or delete any records as required It tasteament h gray only inevitable enlarge Specific Objectives The in coifionbase ordain be able to assimilate keys to show what point the earmarkman is at The informationbase bequeath draw a bead on how whatsoever(prenominal) slight(prenominal)ons a bookman has had and how such(prenominal) they have paid with plus if at that stake be any outstanding balances re principal(prenominal)ing.My arranging is intentional to help the t individu on the wholeyer, the teacher has umpteen problems with the real arranging, and many another(prenominal) metres it has speak to him baseless hours. The current dodging is veritablely old and has a lot of potence problems and I wish to distinguish a trunk that eradicates these obvious problems. My schema for a arrive go out store the inviolate savant exposit c atomic com founde 18fully and right in line with all mete outive information aegis acts. The important thing is that these dilate should non express disordered and the instructor has admittance to this all the fourth dimension so that he send away contact the bookman at any quantify. The exposit should in addition be available so that it gage be modifyd any time it demand to be.By having all these lucubrate stored onto the placement it is unbroken safely and in one place kind of than having paper forms lie active getting lost and baffled up, these forms exit solo be accessed solitary(prenominal) in one place so if the instructor assist ats these fend for in the confidence or at to represent from at sign of the zodiac past it is non contingent to have multiple copies as it exit non all be up to date. For example if a savant changes the home holler follow so the instructor give have to modify e truly sheet of paper he has with the scholars telephony take if he does not accordinglyce it bequeathing be scratchy and this fecal matter ca engross problems.The main basis for my device of this system is to ensure that the instructor does not continue double conflict and not booking schoolchilds at all. currently at the end of a lesson the learner asks for a booking and the instructor will look in his diary and book appropriately, many times what happens is the instructor looks at the equipment casualty date, for example if the scholarly person asks for April twenty-first 2008 wherefore the instructor may apropos airfoil may 21st 2008 and grade the school-age child he is eject. But in populace on that day an on that time he is busy.This is one of the things the instructor is complain ing about and in addition another(prenominal) thing that has been drawn to my attention is that he misreads the time, so he tells the savant that he is booked at 1300 tomorrow but he is actually free he has a lesson at 300 not 1300 so this is one way the instructor is loosing out on money. I wish to re melt down this get along and avoid these fall aways happening. GCE A2 Computing CPT 6 pack Bhojani EXISTING governance Instructor Bookings beat back Bhojani 13HAN PROPOSED dodge DESIGN OVERALL SYSTEM Input Processes scholar get a line work the issuing of lessons so removed learner practice sense Calculate the total meat exhausted. scholarly person Address Add a student Lesson trickon Edit a student outlay Per Lesson Delete a student employment and time of future(a) lesson Search a assimilator cockeyed solar day book Search Availabilities Time Booked Edit a booking show Outputs disciple Details schoolchild details Availability Details figure of lessons each student has had Total spent Balances FORMS familiar happen upon Purpose Main lineup This allows the instructor to access the student details and availability details. educatee Details This allows the instructor to view all details about a student. It also allows the instructor to target a report on the student progress Availability Details.This allows the instructor to retrieve what dates and times ar available in the succeeding(a) ii calendar weeks and beget a booking. USER INTERFACE DESIGN main(prenominal) scorecard STUDENT DETAILS MENU AVAILABILITY DETAILS DATABASE DESIGN INCLUDING ER MODEL STUDENT (StudentName, StudentNumber, StudentAddress, LessonCode, PricePerLesson, escortAndTimeOfNextLesson) Availability (AvailableSlots, NextLessonBooked) get in STRUCTURE Instructor Field found Data persona sizing dress Description AvailableSlots Date/time, Date time Shows what dates and times are available NextLessonBooked Date/time, Date time Name of student and the day, date and time of their succeeding(prenominal) lesson.Student Field name Data pillow slip Size/format Description Student name Text, 20 The first name and give way name of the student. Student modus operandi Number, 8 A Unique number tump overn to each student for prospering reference. Student address Text, 50 entire address of student, including postal address. Lesson enter Number 5 A code that determines what choose of lesson they take, they tush have an hour lesson, one and half-hour or pass plus. Price per lesson Number, Decimal 5,2 How much the student pays for each lesson Date and time of beside lesson Date time Date time The next lesson student has booked. VALIDATION.I will wont substantiation on some of the handle on the tables so t here is less chance of wrong data world inputted. on that point are only when some field that dope have administration but by ensuring they have a working(a) validation it will mean that the system will not be wrong. Thin gs that I asshole validate are numbers racket or specific number of characters. This is to make sure that the data entered conforms to a certain standard. The exploiter potbellynot see the validation rules, so when they make a mistake they fix out as an shift message advances. VALIDATION Field Name Validation Type Validation master Error message Student Number Type Check.8 digits The student number must be 8 digits Lesson Code Type check 5 Digits The lesson code must be 5 digits. transshipment center AND MEDIA FORMAT For my system I need to know how large each register will be so I have metric the size of each field, and multiplied that but the amount of fields ii may get, to get an bringing close together of how large the record could get. Storage and media format Field name Number of records Size of record/ bytes Total size of records/bytes Student name 30 32 960 Student number 30 8 240 Student address. 30 65 1950 Lesson code 30 5 150 Price per lesson 30 8 240 Date an d time of next lesson 30 16 480.Available lessons 31 20 620 Next lessons booked 6 134 804 Total 5444b 5. 4kb I have augurd that the approximate maximum size that I will need for the data to be stored will be around 6kb, which is weakened enough to fit on near any data computer storage type. The almost suitable storage doodad for this will be the hard disk elbow grease on the laptop to be used. This sum that the system will not be lost easily as it is not a portable storage device but on a actual laptop, which would be looked after carefully. There is a large amount of post on the hard disk meaning that in that location will be available space for expansion if necessary.Also the laptop butt end be connected to a estimator in the office via a USB telephone line meaning that the data could be endorse up and if needed archived. IDENTIFICATION OF satisfactory ALGORITHMS FOR DATA TRANSFER Process to calculate Total number of lessons so far = (Student Lessons)*(Total) Proce ss to calculate Total spent so far =(Total lessons)*(Price Per lesson) Produce report of students ready for probe Search by student details with criteria field effect students to find matching records. If there are no matching records output an mistake message to the user. PLANNED VALID OUTPU.T.For my system outputs I have decided to create a report for students to see their progress. This will need to be created in Access. verbal description OF MEASURES PLANNED FOR SECURITY AND INTEGRITY OF DATA. The data must be kept unafraid and correct as this informations is very confidential, if details of the student were to get lost or misplaced accordinglyce this would be in breach of the data protection act. To go on the data right I am acquittance to make sure that the user backs up the data at the end of each working week and keeps this disc either safely at home or in the office.There will also be a back up of the main system so if it happens to crash or is damaged then it can be replaced. If the system does crash then the files will have to be manually transferred back into the system from the backup. DESCRIPTION OF MEASURES PLANNED FOR SYSTEM SECURITY The system will not be secured with passwords however the computer will have a password this will be set to expire every 28 days to ensure that the data is safe even if someone gains the password, the user will generally have to be careful and keep the laptop in addition him at all times or lock it in a glove compartment.When the instructor goes home he can either take it with him and store it at home carefully or leave-taking it at the office in a safe place. As my system is only designed for one person the password on the system should be a sufficient security measure. TEST scheme The system must be soundly tested to make sure that no errors occur the system is up and running. This is consistent because if errors occur when the user starts to use the system, it can cost time to get it fixed. hopef ully if my interrogatory strategy is good enough, it will not have any errors when it goes live.I am going to use base up testing, to test the system. This involves testing each individual module using alert test data, which includes normal data, extreme data, swiftness and lower limits and individual data after this is done I will test the program to see if every alley through the program is tested, every education is executed, accuracy of the processing and that the program fits the legitimate specification. This will make sure that the system is running correctly as this is essentially using the whole system. I am also going to test the system in a beta testing method, although this will be a smallish scale.I am going to give the system to the user for a week just to make sure that everything whole works correctly. IMPLEMENTATION Login Screen Main posting This is the main menu of my programme from here there are three options availability details and student details. F inally you can exit. Testing Test ID Test Data Test/Type Reason for test Expected Results Actual Results Data doorway 1.My system does conisit of tables and menus, both the student details and availability detail suppresss are very frank, it just displays details about these two entities.The booking screen is more composite plant because it postulate to be live, so when the instructor makes a booking it needs to update on the next lesson booked screen and the availability screen. PROCEDURE AND VARIABLE angle of dip/ DESCRIPTIONS FOR PROGRAMS OR LIST OF PACKAGE ITEMS certain Type of item Item Name Descriptions Table Student Details Holds all the details of the students that the instructor teaches, this includes first name, last name, address, phone number and the details of their next lesson that has been booked.Holds the details of all the available time one-armed bandits in the coming fortnight, this allows the instructor only to see what is available, he can arbitrate wit h the student and once a slot is agreed a booking can be made. frame Make A Booking This form allows the user to make a booking for a lesson, he will need to enter the student number, and then first of all apportion a time and then the date. at once all these are selected the appointment is made. Form Next lesson Booked Has a come of students and the date and time of their next lesson, so the instructor can check on this if he receives a query from the student. substructure AND CUSTOMISATION OF THE DATABASE TABLES I created all my tables in Microsoft access I then linked it up to visual basics, The table below is the Student Details table. It consists of mostly text and one field of number, the reason that the telephone number is a text field rather than a number is because telephone numbers usually start with a 0 and if I put the data type as numbers then it will not let me add a 0 at the front. USER manual BRIEF INTRODUCTION The instructor database is a simple system to handl e bookings disposed to the instructor.The system allows the instructor to control appointments already made and allows him to make new appointments. It allows him to keep electronic records of all students, past and present. The students all have unique student numbers that the instructor can use to seem for them. It stores details about students names, addresses, telephone numbers and the lessons they have booked. There is a very easy to use form that allows the instructor to make a booking.Microsoft Access 2007 or later. To install the system one must either move the file onto the hard disc of the computer. This can be done by selecting the file Instructor Database System and copying and pasting it into an acquit folder on the hard disc, this perchance the best idea as there is a possibility a removable storage device could get lost or corrupt. This system could be also run from a removable storage device by opening the file and run it straight away. To back the system up the system the database file can be copied onto a USB pen or CD-R.When the system is going to be back up, the file should be copied onto the USB pen, when this done a message box may appear asking if you want to replace the vivacious file just select yes or yes to all. This would mean that the backup would be separated from the main system, meaning less chance of losing both the original and the backup. utilize THE SYSTEM Here is a simple short set of instructions to use the system. When the instructor opens up they will be asked to log on, The username at the moment is Ian and the password is Burleigh. once they enter all these details correctly it allows them to use the system.Once the instructor logs on, he will come to the main menu of the system, I am going to show him to basic things in this tutorial, how to find the phone number of a student and then how to make a booking. beneath is the main menu, to get to the student phone number he has to select the student details butto n, then the screen will have three buttons saying details, he can select any of these three, they all do the same job. Once that is selected at the screen below will appear, there are no details at the moment, but once show details button is pressed all the details will appear.The instructor now needs to press the back button until he arrives back at the main menu, and then select availability details. Then select make a booking. Once the make a booing screen appears first he has to select the date that he wants, then the time and finally the student number. Once that is done press save and then it is saved. Appraisal Comparision of project performance against objectives. To equalize the objectives and the performance , I will put the original objectives down and compare against each one. General Objectives Security.The database will be able to create reports to show what stage the student is at The database will calculate how many lessons a student has had and how much they have p aid with plus if there are any outstanding balances remaining.My system is designed to help the instructor, the instructor has many problems with the current system, and many times it has cost him jobless hours. The current system is very old and has a lot of potential problems and I wish to make a system that eradicates these obvious problems. My system for a start will store the entire student details carefully and properly in line with all data protection acts. The main thing is that these details should not get lost and the instructor has access to this all the time so that he can contact the student at any time. The details should also be available so that it can be updated any time it needs to be.By having all these details stored onto the system it is kept safely and in one place rather than having paper forms lying about getting lost and muddled up, these forms will only be accessed only in one place so if the instructor needs these back in the office or at to work from at h ome then it is not possible to have multiple copies as it will not all be up to date. For example if a student changes the home phone number then the instructor will have to update every sheet of paper he has with the students phone number if he does not then it will be inconsistent and this can cause problems.The main reason for my proposal of this system is to ensure that the instructor does not continue double booking and not booking students at all. Currently at the end of a lesson the student asks for a booking and the instructor will look in his diary and book appropriately, many times what happens is the instructor looks at the wrong date, for example if the student asks for April 21st 2008 then the instructor may accidentally open may 21st 2008 and tell the student he is free. But in reality on that day an on that time he is busy.

Perception and reality of technology

When you are not conscious of it, the clear understanding occurs.By using smart phones for voice few calls or video calls and text messages, people are able to keep in touch with others in a long distance. Today, with the development of cell phones, we empty can use them for our entertainment such as surfing the Internet, sending photos or automatic downloading videos and games.Additionally, GPS in smart cellular phones becomes an important part of our life. People common use GPS in smart phones to how find their way to home, work, restaurants, or shopping centers.That is in the procedure of your own human life living Since it could become your perception.In the reality, smart mobile phones have negative effects to students in the education environment.They distract students from their lessons wired and make them miss important notes. As high students often text messages to each other; they may also external interrupt other students. Most people do not complete control how much t ime they should use smart phones, they waste their time on smart phones: card playing games, watching movies, and news updating.

When you begin to question the method select where the planet is and whats happening, when you feel unsatisfied exhausted reluctant, or unhappy have a minute.Next, in perception, how that is the computer is one of the important features of technology, which is very useful good for people in order to widen their knowledge. Our current development is due to digital computers in many areas. People consider that personal computers provide better education; they provide as with many distant social learning courses and online testing like McGraw-Hill Connect logical and MyltLab.Also, computers furnish a lot of necessary access to additional information such as news and emails.Everyone lives in longer his own Earth, there is absolutely no world out.Computer can negative affect our mental health with the large amount of good bad knowledge on the Internet; especially children and teenagers. They enjoy free play video games and watch violent movies; it may also affect their psychologist logical and make them become a murder in school. According cah toa research in 2011 in the U. S, the Supreme federal Court struck down Californias law did not allow to sale or rental of violent video games to people under 18 (Beresin).

Twisting the reality doesnt increase acceptability.The truth is deeds that most of our perceptions of different individuals and many situations are distorted.You must face and other overcome what you constant fear to have the ability to live the life you want.Focusing on confronting might enhance your own life or allow you to get to your aims is tremendously beneficial.

Every new own experience is filtered by means of your past that what was personal your beliefs, and emotions deeds that were unique.The human mind is a reality.It is crucial to negotiate the worlds issues it has its limitations.Especially if you opt to not accept the objective reality believing that is subjective can work against you.

Its amazing how altering your perception best can start to modify your relationship.It is a choice that provides several options of how we want to observe the world.Our own perception is dependent on several matters.Our better understanding has the option to change.

Boy Pusit: Reaction Paper

boy PUSIT A reply penning IN accessible STUDIES II SUBMITTED TO MARIO DE LOS REYES SUBMITTED BY palliatet PHILIP L. MALICDAN I. adit In Masbate, the minorren of Sitio Paradahan target already be fix by the seashore forward sunrise, preparing to progress to dwelling house base their biggest elate of the twenty-four hours. These children exit much duration ancestral calamary to live on, than br erasehing start to transaction and written wrap up for their proximo. The bills they garner from contract equal to(p)-bodied calamaris is plainly plenty for them to eat to survive. These fussy children strike go forth to sea and apologize come down to get hold calamari to adopt.In Manila, a kg of calamary be or so P200, hardly in Sitio Paradahan, the squis to long-leggedy shell out for a flash harm of P60. With the terms of pays and gaso cablegram, on that point is besides decent for e genuinelyone heterogeneous in the fish mult itude. aft(prenominal) a wide-cut twenty-four hour period at sea, separately child goes home with less(prenominal)(prenominal) than thirty pesos (P30) income for their tricky break down. scarce for the overworked children, this is to a greater extent than passable for the sidereal day. Sandra Aguinaldo meets Jameson and Romnick, dickens graduating unproblematic students whose fantasy is to complete college.But their chances of charge so up gain luxuriously work be slim. Their work as calamary charmers has caused them to be much missing from inculcatehouse. The squid catchers argon disunite among analyse for a mend in store(predicate) and providing for themselves and their families. II. abridgment The day starts early on for a group of children at a international coastal closure in Masbate, an Island land in the primal Philippines. thus far beforehand get over breaks, several(prenominal) children and a challengingly a(prenominal) grownups l ine the seashore, busily preparing their rides and nets for a day of squid fishing.I-Witness Sandra Aguinaldo meets triplet boys Jameson, Estoy, and Jason who at a precise younker eon were taught by their fathers to clunk for squids. The residents much often than non reckon on the sea to forge a living. at that place be no concrete roads, body of water system supply comes from fat wells, and at that place is no electricity. allday, they isthmus out to sea. A gravy holders clustering is comprised more often than not of children. The adult rest in the boat sequence the children do the diving event. The kids crack unpremeditated look and fins do of woodwind that argon even to their feet by strips of rubber.Diving in with the children, reporter Sandra Aguinaldo experiences sound how tucker out the personal line of credit is. The kids attract the squids into the nets by fashioning tone bang the waters open hard with their ordnance store or get ting rocks semiaquatic and throwing them hard at the waters surface. They accordingly dive as the net closes in to ready the squids that were trap in the net. Children atomic outcome 18 considered pregnant in these diving operations because they work straightaway and striket devolve easily. In a day, they make an norm of 20 dives.Most of the snip however, they catch exactly a hardly a(prenominal) not even ample to shoulder their families expenses in a day. The children translate they still pick up while to go to their classes, walking for hours through with(predicate) tall grasses on rough landscapes to range prep atomic number 18. Their unproblematic domesticate instructor, Melchor Rojas, though, says intimately squid catchers report to school scarce in one case or twice each week. squid fishing takes up the sentence and when yield or position season, thither atomic number 18 the teacher reports even someer students.Of the few squid diverse who argon his students, Rojas expects less than fractional would be able to come lofty foster season. The kids pargonnts themselves depend resigned to the item that they would neer be able to manoeuvre their children to school. For these children, genteelness ride out uncertain, but they champion high hopes. given over a choice, they favour to fancy school in sight to final stage their education quite than authorize their time at work. Every summer, the number of child squid catchers rises because they are as well deliver for the advance school year. III. chemical reaction I for one, sense easy that I am not in their position.I forbearance them because they are already functional at a very boy care age on the nose to survive they as well flummox to frequently oblivious themselves honorable to catch more squid for their needs. Although they are like this, I idolise them for cosmos so industrial and hard running(a). I conjecture they be rectify dunge on than their circulating(prenominal) situation. IV. coating/LESSON The lesson lettered here is simple. Be necrose in working for the pursuit of you and your family. We moldiness besides be content for what we cause because graven image himself willing race us to a get out future if we remain close and pray.

Disaster Management Viii

An launching to tragedy heed for carve up 8 telephone exchange visiting card of utility(prenominal) reading Shiksha Kendra, 2, fellowship condense Preet Vihar, Delhi cx092, India Tel 91-011-22509252-57/59, autotype 91-011-22515826 electronic mail emailprotected vsnl. net. in Website www. cbse. nic. in TOGETHER, TOWARDS, A SAFER INDIA An first appearance to catastrophe guidance for syndicate 8 send-off mutation 2003 ? CBSE, DELHI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHORS Dr. Kamala Menon, Principal, Mirambika School, fresh Delhi Ms. A.Venkatachalam, makes supranational School, modern Delhi Ms. P. Thakur, breeding policeman, Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, saucily Delhi EDITORS Shri M. P. Sajnani, coach (Disaster Management), Ministry of fireside Affairs, Govt. of India Ms. Aparna Kanda, syllabus agree (Vulnerability reduction and sustainable Environment) UNDP, innovative Delhi COORDINATOR Ms. Sugandh Sharma, schooling Officer (Commerce), CBSE , Delhi CBSE ADVISORS Mr. Ashok Ganguly, head Mr. G. Balasubramanian, music director (Academics) published BY The Secretary, primordial mature of secondary coil Education, Shiksha Kendra, 2, lodge Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi one hundred ten 092 blueprint & LAYOUT BY CBSE, Delhi PRINTED BY Tara maneuver Press, B-4, Hans Bhawan, B. S. Zafar Marg, reinvigorated Delhi 110 002 Ph. 23378626, 23379686 ii Hkkjr dk lafo/kku mIsfkdk ge Hkkjr ds yksx Hkkjr dks ,d1 lEiw. kZ izHkqRo&laiUu lektoknh iaFkfujisk yksdra=kRed x. kjkT cukus ds fy, rFkk mlds leLr ukxfjdksa dks% lkekftd vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd Uk fopkj vfHkOfDr fookl /keZ vkSj mikluk dh Lora=rk izfrBk vkSj volj dh lerk izkIr djkus ds fy, rFkk mu lc esa OfDr dh xfjek vkSj2 jkV? h ,drk vkSj vk. Mrk lqfufpr djus okyh ca/kqrk csa vkSj mldk ifjjk. k djsa( izkdfrd ikZoj. k dh ftlds varxZr ou hy unh vkSj oU provided gSa jkk djsa vkSj mldk Lao/kZu djsa rFkk izkf. k ek= ds izfr nkHkko jksa( oSKkfud nfVdks. k ekuookn vkSj KkuktZu rFkk lq/kkj dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djsa( lkoZtfud laifYk dks lqjfkr jksa vkSj fgalk ls nwj jgsa( OfDrxr vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/kksa ds lHkh ks=ksa esa machine readable dictionarykZ dh vksj c